常见不规则形容词副词比较极最高极是: good-better-best; well-better-best;bad-worse-worst. badly-worse-worst. much-more-most. many-more-most; little-less-least; old-older-oldest; old-elder-eldest.; far-father-farthest; far-further-furthest.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级a 双音节或多音节副词构成比较级时之前加more,构成最高级时则加most: 单音节副词以及副词early则在词尾加er与est:hard harder hardestearly earlier earliest(注意y变为i)b 不规则变化:well better bestbadly worse worstlittle less leastmuch more mostfar farther farthest(仅用于指距离)further furthest(用法较广泛。参见第32节a。)5.far,farther/farthest和further/furthest的用法a further,furthest这两个词同farther/farthest一样,可作表示地点、距离的副词用:it isn’t safe to go any further/farther in this fog.在这大雾里再往前走是不安全的。但它们也可以用于表示抽象的概念:mr a said that these toy pistols should not be on sale.甲先生说这些玩具手枪不应该出售。mr b went further and said that no toy pistols should be sold.乙先生更进一步,说所有的玩具手枪都不该出售。mr c went furthest of all and said that no guns of any kind should besold.丙先生最为激烈,说任何枪都应严禁出售。b 关于far的用法限制far的比较级和最高级用法都比较自由:he travelled further than we expected.他比我们预料的去得远。far的原级形式主要用于表示否定和疑问的词句中:—how far can you see?—i can’t see far.—你能看多远?—我看不太远。在表示肯定的词句中a long way要比far更常见。a long way away也要比far away常见:they sailed a long way.他们航行了很远。he lives a long way away.他住得离这里很远。但very far away也是可以的,而so/quite/too+far和far+enough也是可以的:they walked so far that…他们走了如此远,以致……they walked too far.他们走得太远了。we’ve gone far enough.我们已经走得够远了。far也可用于表示抽象的概念:the new law doesn’t go far enough.这条新的法律还不够严厉。you’ve gone too far!你太过份了!(你太侮辱人了/架子太大了/太蛮横无礼了等。)表示程度时的副词far,应与比较级或与too/so+原级形式连用:she swims far better than i do.她游泳要比我游得好多了。he drinks far too much.他酒喝得太多了。6.much,more,mosta more和most的用法相当自由:you should ride more.你必须多骑马。i use this room most.这个房间我用得最多。但当much是原级时,使用范围较小。b much意为a lot(许多)时可修饰表示否定意思的动词:he doesn’t ride much nowadays.现在他不太骑马了。在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用。在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见:how much has he ridden?他骑马多吗?has he ridden a lot/much?他近来常骑马吗?在肯定句中as/so/too+much是可以的。在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好:he shouts so much that…他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……i talk too much.我说得太多了。但是说:he rides a lot/a great deal.他常骑马。c very much意为greatly(非常)时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛。常和它一起用的词有blame(责备),praise(赞扬),thank(感谢)及一些表达感情的动词:admire(钦佩),amuse(使娱悦),approve(赞成),dislike(不喜欢),distress(使烦恼),enjoy(喜爱),impress(使有深刻印象),like(喜欢),object(反对),shock(震惊),surprise(使惊奇)等等:thank you very much.非常感谢你。they admired him very much.他们很钦佩他。she objects very much to the noise they make.她非常反对他们弄出的噪音。much(=greatly非常)可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用:admired(受钦佩的),amused(娱悦的),dis-liked(不受喜欢的),distressed(烦恼的), impressed(留有……印象的),liked(受喜欢的),shocked(被震惊的),struck(受巨大影响的),upset(心烦意乱的)。he was(very) much admired.他很受人钦佩。she was (very) much impressed by their good manners.他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响。d much意为a lot(许多)时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词:much better好多了much the best最最好much more quickly快多了much too可与形容词的原级连用:he spoke much too fast.他说话说得太快了。e most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思。主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用:he was most apologetic.他已表示十分的歉意了。she behaved most generously.她的行为非常慷慨大度。6.使用各比较等级的句子结构两个分句中都要求使用同一动词时,我们通常用助动词来表示第二个动词。a as+原级+as用于肯定句,as/so+原级+as用于否定句:he worked as slowly as he dared.他干活敢多么磨蹭就多么磨蹭。he doesn’t snore as/so loudly as you do.他打鼾的声音没有你响。it didn’t take as/so long as i expected.花的时间比我预料的短。b than与比较级连用:he eats more quickly than i do/than me.他比我吃得快。he played better than he had ever played.过去任何时候都演奏得好。they arrived earlier than i expected.他们比我预料的到得早。the+比较级…the+比较级结构中也用副词:the earlier you start the sooner you’ll be back.你出发得越早,回来得就越早。c 最高级可与of+名词连用:he went(the)furthest of the explorers.在所有探险者中他走得最远。但这种结构不常用。这类句子应当用比较级来表达,如上文所述。副词的最高级(不加the)+of all这种结构很常用,但all常指同一主语的其他动作:he likes swimming best of all.他最喜欢游泳。(他喜欢游泳胜过其他一切运动。)这时of all可以省